Before the federation
The communities of the region were shaped by maritime trade, pearling, fishing, desert life and links across the Gulf and Indian Ocean. Local rulers and communities maintained distinct histories and traditions.
The path to union
As Britain announced its intention to end its treaty relationships in the Gulf, the rulers of the emirates explored a federation. Sheikh Zayed bin Sultan Al Nahyan of Abu Dhabi and Sheikh Rashid bin Saeed Al Maktoum of Dubai were central figures in building agreement and cooperation.
2 December 1971
Abu Dhabi, Dubai, Sharjah, Ajman, Umm Al Quwain and Fujairah formed the United Arab Emirates on 2 December 1971. Ras Al Khaimah joined the federation on 10 February 1972.
The founding leadership
Sheikh Zayed bin Sultan Al Nahyan became the UAE's first President, while Sheikh Rashid bin Saeed Al Maktoum became Vice President. Their leadership helped establish federal institutions and guide the country's early development.
A changing country
Over subsequent decades the UAE developed infrastructure, education, healthcare, trade, aviation, energy, culture and tourism while each emirate retained its own local institutions and identity.
Understanding the UAE today
The federation's history is reflected in National Day celebrations, the national institutions and the continuing role of the seven emirates. For official historical information, consult UAE government sources.